# Pure shear

In mechanics and geology, pure shear is a three-dimensional homogeneous flattening of a body.[1] It is an example of irrotational strain in which body is elongated in one direction while being shortened perpendicularly. For soft materials, such as rubber, a strain state of pure shear is often used for characterizing hyperelastic and fracture mechanical behaviour.[2] Pure shear is differentiated from simple shear in that pure shear involves no rigid body rotation. [3][4]

The deformation gradient for pure shear is given by:

${\displaystyle F={\begin{bmatrix}1&\gamma &0\\\gamma &1&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}}}$

Note that this gives a Green-Lagrange strain of:

${\displaystyle E={\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{bmatrix}\gamma ^{2}&2\gamma &0\\2\gamma &\gamma ^{2}&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}}$

Here we note that there is no rotation occurring which can be seen from the equal off-diagonal components of the strain tensor. It is also worth noting that if we take the linear approximation to the Green-Lagrange strain we see that the small strain tensor is:${\displaystyle \epsilon ={\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{bmatrix}0&2\gamma &0\\2\gamma &0&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}}$

Which has only shearing components.