List of state and union territory capitals in India

India is a country located in southern Asia. With over 1.3 billion people, India is the most populous democracy in the world. It is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 29 states and 7 union territories.[1] All states, as well as the union territories of Jammu & Kashmir, Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the Westminster model. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the central government through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were reorganised on a linguistic basis.[2] Since then, their structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts.

States and union
territories of India
ordered by

The legislatures of three states, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Maharashtra, meet in different capitals for their summer and winter sessions.

The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to administrative, legislative and judicial capitals. The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located, the legislative capital is where the state assembly convenes, and the judicial capital is the location of the state or territorial High Courts. Union territories are marked with a dagger ().

List
No. State or
union territory		 Administrative capital Legislative capital Judicial capital Year of establishment Former capital
1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair  — Kolkata 1955 Calcutta (1945–1955)
2 Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad (de jure to 2024)
Amaravati (de facto from 2017)[3][4][lower-alpha 1]		 Amaravati[3] Amaravati 1956
2017		 Kurnool (1953-1956)
3 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Itanagar Guwahati 1986  —
4 Assam Dispur Guwahati Guwahati 1975 Shillong[lower-alpha 2] (1874–1952)
5 Bihar Patna Patna Patna 1912  —
6 Chandigarh Chandigarh[lower-alpha 3]  — Chandigarh 1966  —
7 Chhattisgarh Raipur[lower-alpha 4] Raipur Bilaspur 2000  —
8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu Daman  — Mumbai 1945 Mumbai (1954–1961)
Panaji (1961–1987)
9 National Capital Territory of Delhi New Delhi New Delhi New Delhi 1931  —
10 Goa Panaji[lower-alpha 5] Porvorim Mumbai 1961 Panaji (1961–1987)
11 Gujarat Gandhinagar Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 1960 Ahmedabad (1960–1970)
12 Haryana Chandigarh Chandigarh Chandigarh 1966  —
13 Himachal Pradesh Shimla Shimla (Summer)
Dharamsala (Winter)[8]		 Shimla  1971
2017		 Bilaspur (1950–1956)
14 Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (Summer)[9]
Jammu (Winter)		 Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter)		 Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter)		 2019  —
15 Jharkhand Ranchi Ranchi Ranchi 2000  —
16 Karnataka Bangalore Bangalore Bangalore 1940 (Mysore)
17 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kochi 1956  —
18 Ladakh Leh  — Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter)		 2019 Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter)
19 Lakshadweep Kavaratti  — Kochi 1956  —
20 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Bhopal Jabalpur 1956 Nagpur[lower-alpha 6] (1861–1956)
21 Maharashtra Mumbai[lower-alpha 7] Mumbai (Summer)

Nagpur (winter)

 Mumbai 1818  —
22 Manipur Imphal Imphal Imphal 1947  —
23 Meghalaya Shillong Shillong Shillong 1970  —
24 Mizoram Aizawl Aizawl Guwahati 1972  —
25 Nagaland Kohima Kohima Guwahati 1963  —
26 Odisha Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Cuttack 1948 Cuttack (1936–1948)
27 Puducherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Chennai 1954 Madras (1948–1954)
28 Punjab Chandigarh Chandigarh Chandigarh 1966  —
29 Rajasthan Jaipur Jaipur Jodhpur 1950  —
30 Sikkim Gangtok[lower-alpha 8] Gangtok Gangtok 1890  —
31 Tamil Nadu Chennai[lower-alpha 9] Chennai Chennai 1956  —
32 Telangana Hyderabad[lower-alpha 10] Hyderabad Hyderabad 2014  —
33 Tripura Agartala Agartala Agartala 1956  —
34 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Lucknow Allahabad 1938  —
35 Uttarakhand Dehradun[lower-alpha 11] Dehradun Nainital 2000  —
36 West Bengal Kolkata Kolkata Kolkata 1947  —

Notes
  1. After the formation of Telangana, as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, both states will share Hyderabad as their common capital for up to ten years. The new capital of Andhra Pradesh is going to be Amaravati, decided by the Andhra Pradesh government in April, 2016.
  2. Shilong was the joint capital of Assam and Meghalaya until 1971.[5]
  3. Chandigarh is the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana, and is a Union Territory, separate from the two states.[6]
  4. Raipur is the interim capital of Chhattisgarh. The town of Naya Raipur 17 km from Raipur is envisaged as the state's new capital.
  5. Panaji was the capital of Goa from 1843 when it was ruled by the Portuguese.[7]
  6. Nagpur was the capital of Central Provinces and Berar which was a province from 1861 until 1950.[10] Central Province became the major constituent of Madhya Pradesh, after it was formed in 1950.[10] Nagpur remained the capital of the new state.[11] In 1956, Berar (Vidarbha) was separated from Madhya Pradesh, and merged with the Bombay State. Nagpur thus lost the status of a capital city. In 1960, under the Nagpur pact, Nagpur became the second capital of Maharashtra.[12]
  7. Mumbai / Bombay was the capital of Bombay Presidency which was a province until 1950. After that Bombay became the capital of Bombay State. Subsequently, Bombay State was split into Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960.
  8. Gangtok has been the capital of Sikkim since 1890. Sikkim joined the Indian Union in 1975.[13]
  9. Chennai (Madras) was the capital of the Madras Presidency since 1839, which was redrawn as Madras State in 1956. Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1968.
  10. After the formation of Telangana, as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, both states will share Hyderabad as their common capital for ten years. The new Andhra Pradesh Capital City capital is going to be Amaravati, decided by the Andhra Pradesh government in April, 2016.
  11. Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttarakhand. The town of Gairsain is envisaged as the state's new capital.[14]

Citations
  1. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/jammu-and-kashmir-bifurcated-ladakh-union-territory-october.
  2. Sharma 2007, p. 49.
  3. "After 2200 Years, Amaravati Gets Back Power!". Gulte.com. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  4. "AP Government Portal - Official Andhra Pradesh State Govt. Portal". Ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  5. Baruah 1999, p. xiii.
  6. Menon & Banerjea 2002, p. 5.
  7. Ring 1996, p. 288.
  8. "Dharamshala Declared Second Capital of Himachal". www.hillpost.in. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  9. "What is the Darbar Move in J&K all about?". The Hindu. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  10. Boland-Crewe & Lea 2002, p. 155.
  11. Kumāra 1998, p. 136.
  12. Kini 1974, pp. 34–35.
  13. Spate 1953, p. 200.
  14. Sati & Kumar 2004, pp. 9–10.

References
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