List of anarchist communities
This is a list of anarchist communities representing any society or portion thereof founded by anarchists that functions according to anarchist philosophy and principles. Anarchists have been involved in a wide variety of community experiments since the 19th century. There are numerous instances in which a community organizes itself along philosophically anarchist lines to promote regional anarchist movements, counter-economics and countercultures. These have included intentional communities founded by anarchists as social experiments and community oriented projects, such as collective organizations and cooperative businesses. There are also several instances of mass society "anarchies" that have come about from explicitly anarchist revolutions, including the Free Territory of Ukraine[2] and the Shinmin autonomous region in Manchuria.[3]
Mass societies
- Active societies
- Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement (1958 – present)[5]
- Exarcheia (1973 - present)[6]
- Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto (Fejuve; 16 November 1979 – present)[7]
- Marinaleda (3 April 1979 – present)[8]
- Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" (CIPO-RFM; 1980s – present)[9]
- Puerto Real (1987 – present)[10]
- Spezzano Albanese (1992 – present)[11]
- Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities (1 January 1994 – present)[12]
- Barcelona's Squatters Movement (2000 – present)[13]
- Barbacha (20 April 2001 – present)[14]
- Abahali baseMjondolo (2005 – present)[7]
- Zaachila (14 June 2006 – present)[9]
- Exarchia (6 December 2008 – present)[15]
- Zone to Defend (2009 – present)
- Cherán (15 April 2011 – present)[16]
- Rojava (9 January 2014 – present)[17]
- Past societies
- Essenes (150 BCE – 66)[18]
- Yellow Turban Rebellion (February 184 – 205)[19]
- Kharijite Rebellion (28 July 657 – March 896) [20]
- Icelandic Commonwealth (930 – 1262)[21]
- Frisian Freedom (18 September 993 – 5 September 1350)[7]
- Peasants' Revolt (30 May – November 1381) [22]
- Taborites (25 March 1420 – 1452)[23]
- Republic of Cospaia (29 June 1440 – 5 May 1826)[24]
- German Peasants' Revolt (1524 – September 1525)[22]
- Münster rebellion (February 1534 – June 1535)[22]
- Golden Age of Piracy (October 1650 – 12 July 1726)[25]
- South Carolina Commune (1868 – 1874)[26]
- Paris Commune (18 March – 28 May 1871)[27]
- Cantonal Rebellion (12 July 1873 – 12 January 1874)[28]
- Strandzha Commune (18 August – 8 September 1903)[29]
- Baja Rebellion (29 January – 22 June 1911)[30]
- Morelos Commune (1913 – 1917)[31][32]
- Soviet Republic of Naissaar (17 December 1917 – 26 February 1918)[33]
- Odessa Soviet Republic (17 January – 13 March 1918)[34]
- Free Territory (27 November 1918 – 28 August 1921)[2]
- Bavarian Soviet Republic (12 April – 3 May 1919)[35][36]
- Limerick Soviet (15 – 27 April 1919)[37]
- Bremen Soviet Republic (10 January – 4 February 1919)[38]
- Tambov Rebellion (19 August 1920 – 12 June 1921)[39]
- Kronstadt Rebellion (7 – 17 March 1921)[40]
- Guangzhou City Commune (1921–1927)[41]
- Shinmin Prefecture (1929 – 1931)[42]
- Revolutionary Catalonia (21 July 1936 – May 1939)[43]
- Regional Defence Council of Aragon (6 October 1936 – 11 August 1937)[43]
- Saigon Commune (23 September 1945 – 13 January 1946)[44]
- Shanghai People's Commune (5 January – 24 February 1967)[45]
- Argentinian Horizontalidad (13 December 2001 – 25 May 2003)[46]
- Oaxaca City (14 June – 27 November 2006)[9]
- Symphony Way (February 2008 – 19 October 2009)[7]
- 15M Movement (15 May 2011 – 11 April 2015)[47]
- Gezi Park Commune (27 May – 20 August 2013)[47]
Indigenous societies
- Aboriginal Australians[48]
- Amazigh[48]
- Andamanese[49]
- Anga[50]
- Anuak[48]
- Bassa[50]
- Berom[50]
- Birifor[50]
- Bobo[50]
- Cherokee[51]
- Croatan[52]
- Dan[50]
- Dogon[50]
- Ekoi[50]
- Gagu[50]
- Grebo[50]
- Hopi[53]
- Ibibio[50]
- Idoma[50]
- Igbo[54][50]
- Ijaw[50]
- Inuit[48]
- Kissi[50]
- Konkomba[48][50]
- Kru[50]
- Kusasi[50]
- Lugbara[48]
- Mamprusi[50]
- Mano[50]
- Mapuche[55]
- Maragoli[50]
- Mbuti[56]
- Niitsitapi[57]
- Nubian[58]
- Nuer[50]
- Pequot[59]
- Piaroa[60]
- Tallensi[50]
- Plateau Tonga[48]
- Quinnipiac[61]
- Sami[48]
- San[62]
- Santals[48]
- Semai[63]
- Seminoles[64]
- Shona[50]
- Tiv[48][50]
- Urhbo[50]
- Zomia[65]
Intentional communities
Active communities:
- Stapleton Colony (1921)[66]
- Federation of Egalitarian Communities (1967)
- Twin Oaks Community, Virginia (1967)[67]
- East Wind Community (1973)
- Acorn Community (1993)[68]
- Freetown Christiania (26 September 1971)[69][70]
- Longo Mai (1973)[71]
- The Farm (1973)
- Awra Amba (1980)[72]
- Kommune Niederkaufungen (1986)
- ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes (1967)
Past communities:
- The Diggers (1649-1650)
- Utopia (1847-1875)[73]
- Modern Times (21 March 1851–1864)[74]
- New Australia (28 September 1893–1905)[75]
- Home (1895)[76]
- Equality Colony (1897–1907)[76]
- Whiteway Colony[77] (1898)[78]
- Life and Labor Commune (1921)[79]
- Drop City (1965)
Community projects
Active Projects
- The 1 in 12 Club (1981 – present)
- ABC No Rio (1980 – present)
- ACU (1976 – present)
- Autonomous Centre of Edinburgh (1997 – present)
- Blitz House (1982 – present)
- Bluestockings (1999 – present)
- The Brick House (1999 – present)
- Camas Bookstore and Infoshop (2007 – present)
- Can Masdeu (2001 – present)
- Can Vies (1997 – present)
- Cascina Torchiera (1992 – present)
- Centre International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme (1957 – present)
- Ché Café (1980 – present)
- Civic Media Center (1992 – present)
- Coffee Strong (2008 – present)
- Common Ground Collective (2005 – present)
- Cowley Club (2003 – present)
- CSOA Forte Prenestino (1 May 1986 – present)
- C-Squat (1989 – present)
- DIY Space For London (2015 – present)
- Eskalera Karakola (1996 – present)
- Extrapool (1991 – present)
- Factory Rog (2006 – present)
- Firestorm Cafe & Books (May 2008 – present)
- Forest Café (2000 – present)
- Freedom Press (1886 – present)
- Freedom Shop (1 May 1995 – present)
- Grote Broek (1984 – present)
- Hausmania (2000 – present)
- Hirvitalo (2006 – present)
- Insoumise (1982 – present)
- Jura Books (1977 – present)
- Landbowbelang (6 April 2002 – present)
- London Action Resource Centre (1999 – present)
- Lucy Parsons Center (1992 – present)
- Kafé 44 (1976 – present)
- Metelkova (September 1993 – present)[80]
- Noisebridge (2007 – present)
- OCCII (1982 – present)
- OT301 (1999 – present)
- Poortgebouw (3 October 1980 – present)
- Red Emma's Bookstore Coffeehouse (November 2004 – present)
- Rote Flora (1989 – present)
- Rozbrat (1994 – present)
- Spartacus Books (1973 – present)
- Sumac Centre (1984 – present)
- The Old Market Autonomous Zone (1995 – present)
- Trumbullplex (1993 – present)[1]
- UFFA (1981 – present)
- Warzone Collective (1984 – present)
Past Projects
- 121 Centre (1981 – 1999)
- 491 Gallery (2001 – 2013)
- ADM (1997 – 2019)
- ASCII (1999 – 2006)
- Bank of Ideas (November 2011 – January 2012)
- Binz (2006 – 2013)
- BIT (alternative information centre) (1968 – 1979)
- Bloomsbury Social Centre (23 November – 22 December 2011)
- Boxcar Books (2001 – 2017)
- Brian MacKenzie Infoshop (1999 – 2008)
- Catalyst Infoshop (2004 – 2010)
- Centro 73 (September – December 2010)
- Centro Iberico (April – August 1982)
- Cream City Collectives (October 2006 – 31 October 2012)
- De Blauwe Aanslag (1980 – 2003)
- Internationalist Books (1981 – September 2016)
- Iron Rail Book Collective (2003 – 2012)
- Klinika (2014 – 2019)
- Kukutza (1996 – 2011)
- Kunsthaus Tacheles (1990 – 2011)
- Patio Maravillas (2007 – 2015)
- rampART (May 2004 – 15 October 2009)
- Really Free School (2011)
- Red and Black Cafe (2000 – 2015)
- RHINO (1988 – 2007)
- Salon Mazal
- Seomra Spraoi (2004 – 2015)
- Spike Surplus Scheme (1999 – 2009)
- Squat Milada (1997 – 2009)
- St Agnes Place (1 June 1969 – 30 November 2005
- Ungdomshuset (1982 – 2007)
- Villa Amalia (1990 – 2012)
- Vrijplaats Koppenhinksteeg (1968 – 2010)
- Wapping Autonomy Centre (1981 – 1982)
See also
- Anarchy: Lists of ungoverned communities
- Permanent autonomous zone – a community that is autonomous from the generally recognized government or authority structure
- Zomia – the ungoverned highlands of Southeast Asia, held as an analogous anarchist society by professor James C. Scott
References
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Further reading
- Amster, Randall (2001). "Chasing Rainbows: Utopian Pragmatics and the Search for Anarchist Communities". Anarchist Studies. 9 (1): 29–52. Archived from the original on 2004-12-11.
- Amster, Randall (2003). "Restoring (Dis)Order: Sanctions, Resolutions, and "Social Control" in Anarchist Communities". Contemporary Justice Review. 6 (1): 9–24. doi:10.1080/1028258032000055612.