Bingöl
Bingöl (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր Chapaghjur, ‹See Tfd›Kurdish: Çewlik[3]) is a city in Eastern Turkey. It is surrounded by mountains and numerous glacier lakes, hence the name (Turkish for a thousand lakes). Lately, the town has become a popular tourist destination. According to 2017 estimates, it has a population of over 111.000 .[4]
Bingöl | |
|---|---|
Bingöl | |
| Coordinates: 38°53′10″N 40°30′6″E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bingöl |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Yücel Barakazi (AKP) |
| Area | |
| • District | 1,789.86 km2 (691.07 sq mi) |
| Population (2012)[2] | |
| • Urban | 98,424 |
| • District | 142,455 |
| • District density | 80/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| Website | www |
Bingöl is the capital of Bingöl Province, one of the 81 provinces of Turkey.
On May 1, 2003 the whole area suffered from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake, leaving 177 dead and 520 injured. On 8 March 2010, the area suffered another earthquake, of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in Elâzığ Province, 45 km (28 mi) west of Bingöl.
History
Historically, this place was a part of Armenian province - Tsopk (Sophene).
In the Middle Ages, Bingöl was known as Romanoupolis (Greek: Ῥωμανούπολις) after the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos, who incorporated it permanently into the Byzantine Empire in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the thema of Mesopotamia, but it was later (ca. 970) elevated into a separate theme.[5]
Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, according to its Armenian name of Chapaghjur ("rough waters").[6][7] The place was then renamed Bingöl, a term of Turkish origin translating as "thousand lakes".
Geography
Bingöl is 144 kilometres (89 mi) east of Elâzığ and is situated in the high region of Eastern Anatolia. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 10,000 feet (3,000 m).[8] The Gayt River (Gayt Çayı), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates (Murat River), runs through the city.
Climate
Bingöl has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa), with hot and dry summers and cold and snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest are February and December.
| Climate data for Bingöl (1960–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.4 (92.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.3 (106.3) |
37.8 (100.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.5 (94.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
18.3 (65.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.5 (32.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.5 (65.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 132.6 (5.22) |
133.5 (5.26) |
127.4 (5.02) |
122.2 (4.81) |
75.3 (2.96) |
20.8 (0.82) |
5.8 (0.23) |
3.4 (0.13) |
10.2 (0.40) |
64.2 (2.53) |
110.8 (4.36) |
136.1 (5.36) |
942.3 (37.1) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.6 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 15.2 | 13.5 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 12.7 | 108.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 105.4 | 123.2 | 155 | 168 | 238.7 | 291 | 310 | 294.5 | 258 | 195.3 | 135 | 93 | 2,367.1 |
| Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [9] | |||||||||||||
Transport
Bingöl Airport opened on 12 July 2013.
Education
Bingöl University opened on 29 May 2007.[10]
References
- "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
- "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- Adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 55. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- Statistical Institute
- Oikonomides, Nicolas (1972). Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles (in French). Paris, France: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. p. 359.
- Italian City-states and Catholic Missions in Mongolian World of the 13th and 14th Centuries, ANTHROPOLOGIA INTEGRA Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, p.9; academia.edu
- Bingöl Tarihi, frmartuklu.org
- "All About Turkey". Retrieved 19 March 2011.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-19.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Bingöl University Archived 11 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine